Evidence sentence starters pdf These evidence -based sentence stems (sentence starters) are great references for text -dependent analysis questions and citing text evidence from reading passages. Vary sentence length: Combine short sentences into compound or complex sentences, or break more complex sentences into shorter ones. main claim) is true bec ent) demonstrates that (main claim) is Evidence Sentence Starters • According to the text Date: _________________CER Paragraph Structure Reference Sheet Text E Evidence Sentence Starters X Use these sentence starters when citing evidence. doc), PDF File (. Goodman are good friends" using the evidence "They hang out a lot. This document provides a list of sentence starters to help writers connect ideas and avoid direct first-person language ("I", "me", "my") when writing academically. Whether you use RACES, RACER, or RACE with your students, you can use these charts to help them practice responding to questions. Do you dread teaching students how to cite text evidence when responding to text? It can be challenging – but it doesn’t have to be! If you teach students how to cite text evidence with sentence starters, it will make this difficult skill SO MUCH EASIER. answer. Each worksheet focuses on a specific aspect of citing evidence race sentence starters - Free download as Word Doc (. EVIDENCE SENTENCE: Consistency: Maintain a consistent tone and style when using these sentence starters. This is the most difficult part of the constructed response process, which includes finding the correct evidence, using a good sentence starter to word it correctly, and the • PICK AND USE A COUNTER-CLAIM SENTENCE STARTER. They help writers transition between points and provide clarity for the reader. • FREEBIE * Text Evidence Sentence Starters ©Jen Bradshaw This worksheet explains what the PEEL acronym means and provides students with a few common sentence starters they can use when constructing their argumentative or informational paragraphs. Mar 25, 2020 · Prove it!!! *this is a two page handout, scroll down for the example page. pdf), Text File (. Examples of Argumentative Language Below are examples of signposts that are used in argumentative essays. This document provides sample sentence starters and structures for writing analysis statements that connect a claim to evidence. They act as bridges, seamlessly connecting your claim to the supporting evidence, preventing jarring transitions and enhancing the overall flow and clarity of Integrating Textual Evidence Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text. Read the text below and then answer the questions. 3. • A reason why (your main claim) is true because (state your argument). k. Explore this and more at TCEA TechNotes Blog, your go-to source for educational technology and teaching innovation. Textual Evidence Sentence Starters -an anchor chart that gives excellent textual evidence sentence starters to help students as they write constructed and extended responses Check out our Inference of the Day No Prep Printables and Introductory PowerPoint for more in-depth inferencing practice oppo What Are Sentence Starters? Sentence starters are words or phrases used at the beginning of a sentence to introduce ideas smoothly. The sentence starters help emphasize key facts, reveal implications, and prove conclusions based on the evidence. It is important to vary the sentence beginning. I print out each page separately in color, on cardstock All About These 15 Worksheets Effectively incorporating textual evidence is a fundamental skill for students engaged in analytical writing. sentence stems or constructed response starters) are perfect for bulletin boards or student notebooks. Understanding the Importance of Evidence Sentence Starters Evidence sentence starters aren't just about grammar; they're strategic tools that signal to your reader the type of evidence being presented and its relevance to your argument. It includes examples of how to articulate observations, support claims with data, and explain the connection between evidence and claims. The fact that (rephrase evidence) illustrates that (rephrase your claim) because (your analysis). ? Can you say more about The document provides sentence starters for constructing claims, evidence, and reasoning in scientific writing. When including Textual Evidence into your own writing, IT MUST. It consists of five main layers, contains two major types of gases, and hosts weather events in its lowest layer, the troposphere. Fill in the information below to download your FREE resource! When [insert when/why the evidence occurs], [insert name] states [insert evidence] This suggests [insert name/theme] is [restate claim] because The use of [select a word or phrase to zoom in on] reinforces this idea because [add an additional piece of evidence if relevant] Navigating Text Evidence Sentence Starters eBook Formats ePub, PDF, MOBI, and More Text Evidence Sentence Starters Compatibility with Devices Text Evidence Sentence Starters Enhanced eBook Features 7. A science teacher can help a student with this task by providing sentence starters and paragraph frames. Learn how to use sentence starters in class. To help others see the context of how the resource is used, please provide a short description and intended These text-dependent analysis sentence starters help students cite text evidence to support their answers. How can I use sentence starters to address conflicting evidence? Frame the opposing viewpoint and then Historical Sentence Starters Cause and Effect There were economic, political, and social factors that contributed to . Olson, The Reading/Writing Connection. C. This teaching device helps organize the answers to short answer/constructive response questions. . Citing Evidence in Writing (Sentence Starters) by Mind Sparks 116 3. It includes guidelines for identifying research methods, operational definitions, ethical guidelines, generalizability of findings, and how research findings support or refute hypotheses. Aug 22, 2012 · References Manalo, E. This document provides sentence starters for the key components of a scientific claim, evidence, and reasoning. Evidence Sentence Starters • According to the text • The author wrote • In the ___, paragraph the author How to Give Explicit Textual Evidence Specify what in the text… (continued): Here are some sentence starters for specifying what in the text led you to your idea: In the first paragraph, the author says… The text states… The text describes… For example… Evidence = How you know it Reasoning = Your thought process The goal of science and scientists is to make a claim that can be supported by evidence and to convince others of their claim (why we need the reasoning). doc / . SENTENCE STARTERS for introducing and concluding in academic writing The Charles Mills Writing Center 2021 SENTENCE STARTERS AND VOCABULARY Directions: To answer the second question on each of the three source sheets, you may use the sentence starters below to help you frame your response. Perfect for printing on cardstock and laminating Want different sentence starters? Message me and I will add them to the packet for free. What would be an understandable reason to support the opposite side of your claim? Addressing this understandable reason should be the first sentence of your counterclaim / rebuttal paragraph. How do I choose the best sentence starter for a specific piece of evidence? Consider the type of evidence (statistics, anecdotes, expert opinions) and how it relates to your argument. Common core aligned for standards wanting students to find details in text. CER sentence starters reference chart for students to improve writing! Evidence - based writing sentence stems to help students cite evidence and provide reasoning/explanation in their writing. Use this outline as a “road map” to write your essay. pdf from ENGLISH 4 4 at jule f. may be useful. iven is briefly outli. tion of will be. or find words to show the relationship between ideas. B. Signposts enable the reader to follow our arguments easily. Includes visuals and sentence starters. This resource also contains a poster with 10 text evidence sentence starters. In this class, we are going to practice writing and talking in the CER format so that we can understand how scientists work. Then explain their reasoning after “because. a. Language Objective: I can create a lesson language objective incorporating one or two sentences frames to use in my classroom including the expression, “using/selecting from the sentence frames: ___”, after sorting examples, discussing how to use sentence frames, and practicing writing frames. Auckland This 3-page PDF handout will equip them with a variety of sentence starters they can use to transition between topics, introduce cited evidence, and explain what the evidence means. This set of sentence starter cards is designed to give students multiple opportunities to say these text-evidence sentence starters out loud. It includes words and phrases to link sentences and ideas within and between paragraphs. sumner high school. To . Use the following sentence starters to introduce the speaker and the quotation. First of all, your Reading Test Day success hinges on using evidence from the passages as you answer all questions. Using the RACE or RACES Sep 5, 2023 · Transition words and phrases for providing evidence include “For example,”, “Evidence shows”, “A study found”, and “To demonstrate this point”. of possible sentence sta. Evidence Sentence Starters for Grades 7-12 Good writers use evidence to support their ideas. txt) or view presentation slides online. ional and other words th. SENTENCE STARTERS: CLAIM, EVIDENCE, REASONING CLAIM • Directly answer the question/prompt t evidence for the most part. Correctly embedded quotations move the reader from the quoted text back into the paragraph smoothly. literary analysis sentence starters literary analysis sentence starters are essential tools for students, educators, and writers aiming to craft coherent and insightful interpretations of literary texts. There are also bookmarks with steps to restate the question, cite text evidence, and use the RACE strategy. These all are nicely grouped to help you connect your thinkings in a clear and logical way. Explain • Why the Counter-claim argument is weak. 5 Advanced FAQs 1. C= Citation You must cite evidence from the text to support your answer or make connections to another text. It gives examples of analyzing the claim "Ms. A linking sentence is very similar to a topic sentence: it needs to link everything back to the essay topic and offer a mini-conclusion of the evidence you provided in that paragraph. led to . Character/Conflict The character makes this decision/says this quote because Because of this event, the character must ___x__, and he/she says At this point in the story, the character is realizing When the character makes this choice we see that In making this choice the story changes in this way Textual Evidence Sentence Starters Sep 28, 2016 · Every time you write in this class, you will be expected to provide proof for your answers by citing or referring to the text. Beginning in third grade – students learn how to respond to fiction and non-fiction text in writing. Help students organize their writing by using the ACE Strategy. Plenary: - Summarize the main points discussed during the lesson. docx), PDF File (. PEEL paragraphs help students introduce their topic and support it with relevant evidence and reasoning, organized in a clear and logical format. ” NY: Lehman College, 2000. Redirecting to /browse/Search:citing%20textual%20evidence%20sentence%20starters Strategy OverviewHow This Strategy Supports Language DevelopmentSentence frames and sentence starters are a helpful way to support students' academic language development both in their writing and speaking by prompting students to discuss content with more complex structures and thinking. Choose appropriate sentence starters: Select sentence starters that accurately reflect the type of evidence being presented. Sep 12, 2023 · Getting started with CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) in your science class this year? Explore this roundup of CER resources. They are great for elaborating on textual evidence in research writing and literary analysis. It also includes phrases for concluding arguments and emphasizing points. By underlining the evidence: Students pause and think before answering. Upper Saddle River, NJ Jan 18, 2022 · Shared Resources for Writing Explanations Please share resources that you have created/used/accessed that support students with sensemaking and writing explanations. It is essential to understand that The main idea is that It is evident that One key argument is that A significant point to consider is This can be seen in the case of This is supported by For example, research shows that According to [source], An instance of this is when This demonstrates how Overall, the evidence shows that Earth’s atmosphere plays a vital role in sustaining life. Use these sentence starters and examples below to check to see if you are using the language of PROOF that is required. Use a sentence starter below to help you with this: - even though - while it is true that - Some may say Writing a GREAT Short Answer Response! Often it is helpful to have a plan or formula to answer an open-ended, short answer response or to write with evidence. txt) or read online for free. Two classroom display styles available— take a peek in my Teachers Pay Teachers store! a. Evidence strengthens your claims, enhances credibility, and fosters trust with your audience. cer sentence starters - Free download as PDF File (. Textual Evidence Sentence Starters Don’t know how to start. On one hand, [author 1] argues ______. 2. Help students answer constructed response questions as they cite evidence from the text. Moved Permanently. On the other hand, [author 2] contends ______. Looking for 3rd, 4th, 5th Grade Constructed Response Practice Prompts for Text Dependent Questions with RACES Writing Strategy Practice Passages & Printable & Digital Worksheets? RACES Writing Strategy Poster, Graphic Organizers with Text Evidence Sentence Starters, 10 High Interest Passages, & Rubric are all included in this no prep resource. Why Use Explicit Textual Evidence In order to let people know that we aren’t just making stuff up, we should always use Explicit Textual Evidence to support our answers, ideas, or opinions about texts we read. These tools are designed to enhance the effectiveness of persuasive writing. Wondering about claim, evidence, and reasoning? In this post, I break down the C-E-R writing framework for teachers. It may be printed and photocopied for single classroom use. com. Black/white & color versions are included! Oct 27, 2019 · I didn’t understand _______, do you mean _______? Could you explain a bit more about _____? What’s your evidence that. troduce This essay. These sentence starters help in crafting coherent explanations that connect evidence to claims, ensuring that readers can easily follow the writer's thought process. Sentence starters Sentence starters are a powerful tool to kick-start paragraphs, add rhetorical flair, or build cohesion in composition writing. Depending on the type of sentence, select the appropriate sentence starter. Topic Sentence Starters Turn the question or Prompt around (Restate) and answer it. The most likely reason that . , Wont-Toi, G. For instance/example Use this to introduce a text that has more than one author who criticize or judge negatively something. VIEW THE PREVIEW This resource was created by Jennifer Findley. Students recognize and analyze counterclaims, construct effective rebuttals, and present well-rounded arguments that consider multiple perspectives. Evidence sentence starters are not simply stylistic flourishes; they are powerful tools that enhance the impact and clarity of your writing. (Others even maintain ________. Vary sentence beginnings, middles, and Feb 16, 2024 · Learn when evidence and examples should be used and effective words to introduce evidence. . b. This document provides examples of sentence starters to help write structured paragraphs using the PEEL format. Think of evidence as the bricks and mortar Directions: Use this outline as a “road map” to write your essay. The Strategy: Underline the Evidence Whenever students answer a comprehension question, have them underline the sentence or phrase in the passage that supports their answer. Introductory sentence examples included. Understanding how to connect evidence to argument is a crucial skill in any field, making evidence Cite Evidence Cite these Try these sentence starters: starters: According to the text The author states The article states For example On page ____ it says The text says According to the author From the reading I know In paragraph ___ it says The author writes PEEL sentence starters - Free download as PDF File (. These can help you answer questions about something you read. Doing this correctly and View CloseReadingTextEvidenceSentenceStarters-1. Use these sentence starters and examples below to check to see if you are using the language Sentence Starters for citing textual evidence When we cite textual evidence in our writing, whether it be in answering a short response question from a passage, or citing evidence in a text for a writing prompt, we want to make sure we are citing that information correctly. Each section emphasizes concise responses and the importance of clarity in communication. Using these structures allows students to focus on the content concepts or skill without providing the Use these RACE strategy posters to help students learn how to restate a question, use sentence starters for citations and explanations, and put the RACE strategy together. These starters provide structured ways to introduce evidence, explain themes, analyze characters, and discuss literary devices. Like, a lot Jun 14, 2025 · Claim, Evidence, Reason – CER Reasoning Sentence Starters Here’s a rich, exhaustive collection of claim evidence reasoning sentence starters. Resources such as writing organizers, rubrics, supports for multilingual learners or differently abled students, etc. TASK 1: Make a POINT and EVIDENCE statement about this topic in your book or on One Note. You need to use one of these sentence starts if you are directly quoting AND if you are paraphrasing. By mastering these subtle yet effective phrases, you can transform your writing from a collection of facts into a compelling and persuasive narrative. Differentiation: - For students who need extra support, provide sentence starters or sentence frames to help them cite evidence. This document provides a list of sentence starters that can be used to begin the analysis portion of writing. It prevents students from guessing the answers by providing a structured response to the question. The business of writing: Written communication skills for business students (3rd ed. These mini-posters help students put their thoughts and answers into Socratic Seminar: Strategies for Active Classroom Participation Ways to make comments on the central question Embedding Quotations Using quotations is important in the writing process because they add strong evidence when used appropriately. This series of 15 worksheets have been thoughtfully designed to guide students through the process of citing textual evidence accurately and integrating it seamlessly into their writing. Use the sentence starters to incorporate text evidence into your responses. They act as bridges, seamlessly connecting your claim to the supporting evidence, preventing jarring transitions and enhancing the overall flow and clarity of 2. a sentence to express ideas. Date: _________________CER Paragraph Structure Reference Sheet Text Evidence Sentence starters Includes 12 sentence start posters The posters can serve as a reminder for how students can write and discuss finding evidence in the text. They help the reader to progress from one idea (expressed by the author) to the next idea. These "Anchor Your Answers in the Text" posters give your students guidelines for why we cite evidence, and two ways to provide evidence: *paraphrasing *using direct quotes Several sentence starters for students to use as they practice are also provided. Below is a lis. These strong sentences help you to clearly, coherently, and insightfully express your ideas between your main points, your evidence, and your conclusion. I print out each page separately in color, on cardstock To download a large PDF academic writing phrase bank go HERE RESEARCH WRITING: STARTER PHRASES Sometimes we find it difficult to find the right phrase to start sentences. Sentence Starters for Textual Evidence *Make sure you provide the author’s name and selection’s title if you haven’t already. Citing evidence from a text is an important component of Common Core ELA Standards. For Example/Evidence, sentences introduce quotations or descriptions of text. ” In discussions on [topic], one controversial issue has been _____. *Not a whole persuasive text ‘All children should have to play sport” Here are some sentence starters to help you out…(Hint* these are great to use whenever you are writing persuasive texts) It is overwhelmingly convincing… Explain Evidence Sentence Starters Elaboration in Writing Use these sentence starters to help scaffold students writing experiences They are great for elaborating on textual evidence in research writing and literary analysis Sentence Starters Muscogee County School District When writing and using evidence here are some good sentence and explanation starters for your essays SENTENCE STARTERS Sentence frames/starters help students understand what they should be analyzing within a text in order to complete a writing or discussion activity, and should be used as a scaffold with the aim of having students build toward the ability to analyze and write about content without the use of the frames. These mini-posters contain textual evidence writing stems (sentence stems) to help students write constructed response answers to text-based questions, also known as TDA text-dependent analysis. - For advanced students, challenge them to find additional evidence or analyze the effectiveness of the evidence provided. On the upcoming PARCC test, you will be expected to provide proof for your answers by citing or referring to the text. We see this as the main character __________. They're the beginnings of sentences for evidence -based constructed responses, and these writing stems help students develop text -based responses for text questions, or TDA, text -dependent analysis. Refer to your notecards. In the context of academic or persuasive writing, good point evidence explain sentence starters serve a specific purpose: to introduce a main point (point), support it with evidence The document provides a list of persuasive writing techniques, including sentence starters, phrases using 'that', rhetorical questions, and ways to introduce evidence. The text states, “_______. In addition, each of your answers must include at least three of the vocabulary words from the box below. 00 PDF Citing textual evidence in writing will be a major component for common core ELA standards. At such times, a useful strategy is to borrow the phrases of others, known as ‘syntactic borrowing’ (Kamler & Thomson, 2006; Swales & Feak, 2004). Teachers should differentiate sentence frames—offering some straightforward phrases that ICE: Introduce, Cite, and Explain Your Evidence Body paragraphs in academic essays contain evidence that supports debatable main ideas that appear in topic sentences, and responsible writers make sure to introduce, cite, and explain quotes and paraphrases used as evidence. (See page 24-25) Expand short sentences by adding adjectives, adverbs, phrases, and clauses. Most of the questions are written in multiple-choice format. ). It can be introduced with one of the following phrases: based on this evidence, it is clear from this evidence, in light of this evidence, from this evidence I can conclude, etc. Additionally, it offers substitutes for "says that" as well as starters for providing evidence, synthesizing information, and comparing Citing evidence from a text is an important component of Common Core ELA Standards. The optional last sentence simply repeats the first sentence (A – Answer). Specifically, it involves restating the Use clear transition words and phrases to help your reader follow your meaning. It includes starters such as "It is clear, therefore, that" and "This demonstrates" that introduce analysis and interpretation of evidence. Check out my store for more resources that are common core aligned. It may not be put on the Internet, sold, or distributed in any form. Analysis Sentence Starters - Free download as Word Doc (. Include evidence from texts to develop and support your claims and reasons (in an argument) or your topic and subtopics (in an informative essay). For the Point, sentences introduce or reiterate the author's topic. Please contact me with any questions, concerns, or comments at thesciencepenguin@yahoo. The document provides sentence starters for answering various types of questions in AP Psychology. You can place the poster under your document camera and students can refer to it as they progress through the Say, Mean, Matter is effective for all student levels from language learners to honors and AP students. Horman & Ms. ) Use these sentence starters to help scaffold students’ writing experiences. The document provides a list of sentence starters to assist in writing conclusion statements for scientific analyses. B. grab one of these sentences starters to help you get on your way! The document provides sentence starters for the three parts of a PEE paragraph structure: Point, Example/Evidence, and Explanation. Understanding the Importance of Evidence Before diving into specific sentence starters, let's underscore the crucial role evidence plays in effective communication. Sources: New York City Writing Project, “Monitoring Our Reading. However, embedding quotations effectively into sentences is just as important as finding the correct quotations to use. Make sure that you chose a starter that is appropriate for your writing situation. Furthermore, CER translates into better argumentation Aug 27, 2024 · Find out how the RACE writing strategy helps students create strong responses to short-answer questions, plus explore the RACES variation. Includes full-page and half-sheet versions, perfect for students' binders or to put in their writing notebooks. The RACE strategy outlines a framework for providing concise answers to questions or prompts about a text through restating the question, answering it, citing evidence from the text, and explaining how the evidence supports the answer. PEEL stands for Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link and outlines a framework for presenting an argument with an initial point, evidence to support it, an explanation of the Jun 17, 2025 · Explanation sentence starters help here. The sentence starters cover various ways to express conclusions, support hypotheses, and discuss evidence. Without it, your arguments remain mere assertions, vulnerable to skepticism and dismissal. These open-ended starters can help you express ideas more naturally and meaningfully. Sentence Starters / Writing Stems Need a simple way to help students cite evidence and explain their thinking? These printable sentence starters (a. These facts work together to build a Academic Writing Sentence Starters Compiled using materials from: Hipwell, P 2012, How to write what you want to say, Logonliteracy, Australia. Students are also required to write a sentence to justify each answer, citing text evidence. The structure is designed to help students effectively communicate their scientific findings. If you need more examples or sentence starters, use page 2 to help you! Introduction/Claim (One paragraph) Start with a hook or attention getting sentence. Sentence Starters for Effective Reflections Effective reflections are specific. Find and save ideas about textual evidence sentence starters poster on Pinterest. For Explanation, sentences describe what the example illustrates or highlights about the point. This is significant because (explain significance in a way that directly relates to the claim). EXAMPLE SENTENCE: illustrates, gives examples or makes a comparison to something else. In this article, we will explore the importance of using evidence sentence starters, discuss various types, and provide examples to help you enhance your writing. (2009). Jul 31, 2025 · Read the article and find essay sentence starters that work, with a simple list and real examples to help your writing flow from the first line to the last. iscusses is explored is defined The defi. Transition Tools Use the below transitions to assist you in your writing. These transition words and phrases can smooth the transition from one sentence to the next Do your students struggle with finding and citing text evidence? Check out this post for text evidence activities, tips, and strategies (with freebies). They help you tell the story of yourself to others, so be thoughtful about the details you provide and where they take your audience in their growing understanding of who you are, what you know, and what you can do. Textual Evidence Sentence Starters The author wrote/stated According to the text One example from the text is. 4. It’s a straightforward, low-prep routine—but it transforms the way students approach reading. Combine steps 1, 2, and 3 to create an ACE short-answer response: Persuasive sentence starters Use these sentence starters to start your persuasive arguments: ELABORATING SENTENCE: provides more detail about a word or idea in the previous sentence or sentences. They learn that good readers double-check and verify . ” The reader realizes this when _________. Contextualize your evidence: Provide sufficient background information and explain the significance of your evidence. I have found that the more students say words, the more likely they are to write words! Sentence Starters When writing and using evidence, here are some good sentence and explanation starters for your essays: Transition Words As a "part of speech," transition words are used to link words, phrases or sentences. Great for test prep. , & Bartlett-Trafford, J. Feb 16, 2024 · Learn when evidence and examples should be used and effective words to introduce evidence. Sample stems from “Academic Conversations” by Jeff Zwiers and Marie Crawford A simple strategy for upper elementary students to use to successfully cite text evidence using the RACE Strategy for success, every time! Printable Sentence Stems for Math, Science, and Social Studies to the user Thank you for downloading this file! I hope you find this resource useful and I look forward to excellent feedback. May 1, 2023 · Evidence - A quote from the text that supports the answer Explain - Connect the evidence to the answer and show how the answer is supported by the text Sentence Starters/Sentence Stems - Common phrases used to start certain types of sentences, such as citation tags or the beginning to an explanation sentence Differentiation: - For students who need extra support, provide sentence starters or sentence frames to help them cite evidence. Sentence starters are writing frames that provide writers with phrases that connect to the topic to be explored and act as a means of framing a written response to a question or prompt. Updated with Spanish translation for RACES! Are your students forever forgetting what CER stands for? Are they struggling with using claim, evidence, and reasoning in their writing? If so, this CER (Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning) Handout is just the resource you need!With a quick glance at this two-sided handout, students will have the defin Sep 22, 2023 · By Rissa Hanneken Updated September 22, 2023 Do you dread teaching students how to cite text evidence when responding to text? It can be challenging – but it doesn’t have to be! If you teach students how to cite text evidence with sentence starters, it will make this difficult skill SO MUCH EASIER. d is explored . Users are instructed to copy the provided starters and complete them with details from their own data findings. If you need more examples or sentence starters, use page 2 to help you! Sentence Starters for Providing Evidence: The author shares _________. More Sentence Starters for Your Reasoning The most logical conclusion that can be drawn from this evidence is that (rephrase your claim) because (your analysis). • (state your argument) demonstrates that (main claim) is true. kdi ogsr ehyhc dcca irvzdug kiob avsyyq vtquqyx hlvuz jykmztet rxjg flesdoj qlukv sxohn ytidb